Are you a Twitch streamer looking to turn your passion into a profitable venture? Look no further! In this article, we will provide you with actionable tips, practical advice, and proven techniques to help you monetize your content effectively and build a sustainable revenue stream on Twitch. Whether you’re just starting or seeking to boost your earnings, we’ve got you covered.
Key Takeaways:
- Learn actionable tips and methods for generating income specifically on the Twitch platform.
- Discover practical advice on how to monetize your Twitch channel effectively.
- Explore proven techniques that can help you maximize your revenue potential on Twitch.
- Implement strategies to build a loyal and engaged audience, increasing your earning potential.
- Stay up-to-date with the latest trends and changes in the Twitch ecosystem to stay competitive.
Building a Strong Earn Money on Twitch
Welcome to the second section of our comprehensive guide on how to earn money on Twitch. In this section, we will focus on building a strong Twitch channel to maximize your earning potential. By implementing the following tips and techniques, you can attract viewers, increase engagement levels, and become eligible for the coveted Twitch Affiliate Program.
1. Stream Consistently and Regularly
Consistency is crucial. Create a schedule and stick to it. Regular streaming builds a loyal audience base.
2. Interact with Your Viewers
Engage with your audience. Respond to comments and messages during streams to create a sense of community.
3. Create Engaging Content
Stand out with unique and engaging content. Showcase your expertise in a game, genre, or topic.
4. Utilize Social Media
Promote your Twitch channel on platforms like Twitter and Instagram. Share highlights and stream schedules to reach more viewers.
5. Network with Other Streamers
Collaborate with other streamers to cross-promote and reach a larger audience.
6. Improve Your Stream Quality
Invest in good equipment like a quality microphone and webcam. Use overlays and graphics to enhance your channel’s visual appeal.
7. Offer Unique Channel Rewards
Entice viewers to subscribe by offering exclusive rewards like emotes, badges, and special shoutouts.
Streamer Insights conducted this analysis:
| # of Viewers | Estimated Income per Hour |
|---|---|
| 100 (A) | $0 – $3 (B) |
| 500 (C) | $5 – $25 (D) |
| 1,000 (E) | $10 – $50 (F) |
| 5,000 (G) | $50 – $250 (H) |
| 10,000 (I) | $100 – $500 (J) |
Building a strong Twitch channel is a crucial step towards earning money on the platform. By implementing these tips and techniques, you can attract viewers, increase engagement, and unlock the potential for monetization through the Twitch Affiliate Program.
Leveraging Twitch’s Monetization Features
When it comes to generating income on Twitch, understanding and leveraging the platform’s monetization features is essential. By optimizing these features, you can effectively monetize your Twitch channel and maximize your revenue. In this section, we’ll explore the various monetization options offered by Twitch and provide actionable tips and strategies to help you make the most of them.
Actionable Tips for Twitch Income
1. Monetize your Twitch channel: Take advantage of Twitch’s monetization options, such as ads, subscriptions, and donations, to generate income from your content. Implementing these features can provide a consistent revenue stream.
2. Diversify your revenue streams: While ads and subscriptions are valuable sources of income, consider exploring additional avenues, such as sponsorships and merchandise sales, to diversify your revenue streams. By offering unique products or partnering with brands, you can enhance your earning potential.
3. Engage your audience: Building a loyal and engaged community is key to increasing your earnings on Twitch. Interact with your viewers, offer exclusive perks to your subscribers, and create content that resonates with your audience to foster a strong connection and encourage support.
Methods to Monetize Your Twitch Channel
1. Ads: By enabling ads on your Twitch channel, you can earn revenue from ad impressions. Consider the frequency and placement of ads to strike a balance between monetization and viewer experience. Experiment with different ad formats to find what works best for your content.
2. Subscriptions: Becoming a Twitch Affiliate or Partner allows you to offer subscription tiers to your viewers. Subscriptions provide a recurring source of income and grant subscribers exclusive benefits and emotes. Engage with your subscribers and regularly provide unique content to incentivize their continued support.
3. Donations and Tips: Encourage your viewers to support you through donations and tips. Use overlays or chatbot commands to provide clear calls-to-action, thanking and acknowledging supporters during your streams. Expressing gratitude and showcasing the impact of their contributions can motivate others to donate as well.
Practical Advice for Twitch Revenue
1. Consistency is key: Establish a consistent streaming schedule to build a loyal audience and attract recurring viewers. Regularly communicate with your audience about upcoming streams and create anticipation for your content. This consistency helps build trust and encourages continued support.
2. Collaborate with others: Partnering with other Twitch streamers can expand your reach and introduce you to new audiences. Collaborative streams and cross-promotions allow you to tap into each other’s communities, increasing your visibility and potential for monetization.
3. Utilize analytics: Track and analyze your Twitch revenue and performance using analytics tools provided by Twitch. Gain insights into viewer demographics, watch time, and revenue trends. This data can help you make informed decisions to optimize your earnings and content strategy.
Twitch often updates its features and monetization options, so subscribing to Twitch’s official communications or following trusted industry experts on social media provides timely insights. This proactive approach ensures that your methods for generating income on Twitch are always aligned with the latest platform policies and industry standards, keeping you connected with us – Twitchbuzz.com
By understanding and implementing these practical tactics and revenue strategies, you can effectively monetize your Twitch channel. Experiment with different features, engage your audience, and continuously evaluate your performance to maximize your earning potential.
Maximizing Revenue through Donations and Tips
As Twitch streamers, we understand that donations and tips play a vital role in maximizing our revenue. With these actionable tips, you can encourage your loyal audience to support you and create a community that values your content.
Create a Compelling Call-to-Action
- During your stream, make sure to regularly mention and thank viewers who have donated or given tips in the past. This creates a sense of appreciation and encourages others to contribute.
- Add a donation button or link in your channel description and panels to make it easy for viewers to support you.
- Consider setting up specific donation goals for special events or upgrades to your stream. This creates a sense of urgency and excitement for your community to contribute.
Build a Community that Values Your Content
- Engage with your viewers through interactive chats and respond to their comments and questions. This fosters a sense of connection and encourages them to support you financially.
- Offer exclusive perks and benefits to subscribers or regular donors. This can include access to emotes, badges, or special Discord channels.
- Hold regular community events or giveaways to show appreciation for your audience and encourage their continued support.
Stream for a Cause
- Consider streaming for a charitable cause or hosting charity events. This not only shows your audience that you care about making a difference but also attracts viewers who are passionate about the same cause. It’s a win-win situation as you can raise money for a good cause while increasing your revenue.
Collaborate with Other Twitch Streamers
- Partnering with other Twitch streamers can expand your reach and exposure, increasing the likelihood of receiving donations and tips. Collaborate on joint streams, host each other’s content, or create special events together to attract a wider audience.
Express Gratitude
- Always express gratitude towards your viewers and donors. Recognize and publicly thank each individual who supports your channel, making them feel valued and appreciated. A little appreciation goes a long way in building a loyal and generous community.
| Tip | Expected Outcome |
|---|---|
| Create engaging and interactive content | Viewers are more likely to donate when they feel entertained and connected with the streamer. |
| Consistently show appreciation towards donators | Viewers are more inclined to donate when they see that their contributions are valued by the streamer. |
| Stream for a charitable cause | Viewers are motivated to donate when they know their contributions are going towards a good cause. |
| Collaborate with other Twitch streamers | Partnering with others can increase exposure and attract a larger audience, resulting in more donations. |
| Show genuine gratitude towards your community | A community that feels appreciated is more likely to continue supporting the streamer. |
Partnering with Brands and Sponsorships
Attracting brands and securing sponsorships on Twitch is a key strategy to monetize your channel and maximize your earnings. Partnering with companies that align with your content and audience can provide lucrative opportunities for generating revenue.
1. Define Your Brand and Target Audience
Before approaching brands for sponsorships, it’s essential to have a clear understanding of your own brand and target audience. Define your niche, unique selling points, and the demographics of your viewers. This information will help you identify brands that align with your content and resonate with your audience.
2. Create High-Quality Content and Engage Your Viewers
Brands are more likely to partner with Twitch streamers who consistently produce high-quality content and engage their viewers. Focus on creating entertaining and valuable streams to attract a loyal and engaged audience. This will demonstrate your ability to provide brand exposure and positive engagement for potential sponsors.
3. Build a Strong Online Presence
Establishing a strong online presence beyond Twitch can enhance your chances of attracting brands and sponsorships. Maintain an active presence on social media platforms such as Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube. Use these platforms to showcase highlights from your stream, engage with your audience, and share updates about upcoming events or collaborations.
4. Research and Approach Potential Sponsors
Research brands that align with your content and have a history of sponsoring Twitch streamers or gaming events. Look for companies that are relevant to your niche and have a similar target audience. Reach out to them with a professional and personalized sponsorship proposal that highlights the potential benefits and value you can bring to their brand.
5. Provide Value to Your Sponsors
A successful partnership with brands and sponsors requires delivering value beyond the monetary aspect. Offer unique exposure opportunities, such as incorporating brand logos or mentions in your stream overlays or promoting their products during your streams. Engage your viewers by running sponsored contests or giveaways, creating authentic and organic brand integration.
6. Track and Report Results
Once you have secured sponsorships, it’s important to track and report the results to your partners. Use analytics tools provided by Twitch to measure key metrics such as reach, engagement, and conversions. Demonstrate the value of the partnership by presenting data-backed insights that showcase the effectiveness of the sponsorship, helping you establish long-term relationships with brands.
By following these strategies, you can position yourself as an attractive partner for brands and secure sponsorships that align with your content and audience. Remember that building relationships with sponsors takes time and effort, but the rewards can be significant in terms of monetizing your Twitch channel and achieving financial success.
Diversifying Income Streams on Twitch
While streaming is the primary focus on Twitch, there are several additional ways to generate income and maximize your earning potential. By diversifying your revenue streams, you can strengthen your financial stability and build a sustainable career as a Twitch streamer. We’ll explore proven techniques and strategies that go beyond traditional streaming and help you monetize your Twitch channel effectively.
Affiliate Marketing
One effective method to earn money on Twitch is through affiliate marketing. By partnering with brands that align with your content and audience, you can earn commissions for promoting their products or services. This can be done through unique referral links or discount codes provided by the brand. Incorporate affiliate marketing into your content organically to avoid sounding salesy and ensure the products or services genuinely benefit your viewers. Research affiliate programs that suit your niche and audience to maximize your earnings.
Merchandise Sales
Capitalizing on your brand and community, merchandise sales can be a lucrative revenue stream on Twitch. Consider creating and selling branded merchandise such as t-shirts, hoodies, stickers, or mugs. This allows your audience to support you while also spreading awareness of your channel. Collaborate with a reliable print-on-demand service that handles production, packaging, and shipping, so you can focus on creating engaging content.
Sponsored Content
As your Twitch channel grows in popularity, you may attract brands interested in sponsoring your content. Sponsored content can take various forms, including product placements, sponsored streams, or sponsored segments within your broadcasts. However, it’s crucial to maintain transparency with your audience and only partner with brands that align with your values and audience’s interests. By prioritizing authenticity and providing genuine value, you can forge long-lasting partnerships and drive revenue through sponsorships.
Donations and Tips
Your loyal viewers may want to show their support through donations and tips during your streams. Encourage your audience to contribute by setting up donation platforms such as PayPal or utilizing Twitch’s Bits feature. Additionally, consider implementing interactive alerts and personalized shout-outs to acknowledge and express gratitude towards your generous supporters. Building a community that understands the value of your content and the effort you put into it can significantly boost your income through donations and tips.
By diversifying your income streams on Twitch, you can create a more stable and sustainable revenue model. Explore these proven techniques for Twitch monetization, including affiliate marketing, merchandise sales, sponsored content, and donations and tips, to increase your earning potential and unlock new opportunities for financial success.
Engaging Your Audience for Increased Earnings
Creating a loyal and engaged community of viewers is essential to maximizing your earnings on Twitch. By implementing effective audience engagement strategies, you can cultivate a dedicated following that will contribute to your success. Here are some practical tips and proven techniques to help you build and nurture your Twitch community:
1. Foster Interactive Chats:
Encourage interaction and conversation with your viewers by actively participating in chat discussions. Respond to messages, address questions, and make your viewers feel heard and valued. This level of engagement fosters a sense of community and loyalty, keeping viewers coming back for more.
2. Create Engaging Content:
Deliver high-quality, entertaining, and informative content that captivates your audience. Consider incorporating elements such as polls, Q&A sessions, and interactive games to keep viewers engaged and entertained. Experiment with different formats and topics to cater to a wide range of interests.
3. Offer Exclusive Benefits:
Reward your loyal viewers with special perks and incentives. This could include access to exclusive content, early access to new features, or even merchandise discounts. By creating a sense of exclusivity, you can motivate your viewers to stay engaged and actively support your channel.
4. Encourage User-generated Content:
Empower your viewers to contribute to your channel by encouraging them to create and share their own content related to your stream. This could involve fan art, highlight clips, or even user-submitted game challenges. By showcasing their contributions, you show appreciation and strengthen the bond with your community.
5. Collaborate with Your Community:
Invite your viewers to participate in collaborative streams, multiplayer games, or joint projects. This not only boosts engagement but also gives your audience a chance to connect with each other. By fostering a sense of community among your viewers, you create an environment that attracts new viewers and encourages ongoing support.
Implementing these practical tips and proven techniques will help you create a thriving and engaged Twitch community. By building strong relationships with your viewers, you’ll not only increase your earnings but also create a rewarding and sustainable streaming career.
Optimizing Your Stream for Higher Revenue
When it comes to earning revenue on Twitch, optimizing your stream is crucial for attracting more viewers and maximizing your income potential. By implementing these practical strategies, you can enhance the quality of your stream and provide an enhanced viewer experience.
Tips on Equipment
Investing in high-quality equipment is essential for delivering a professional and engaging stream. Ensure that you have a reliable computer with sufficient processing power, a stable internet connection, and a high-definition camera. Additionally, consider upgrading your microphone for clear and crisp audio. These equipment upgrades will enhance the overall production value of your stream and attract more viewers.
Overlays and Graphics
Using visually appealing overlays and graphics can make your stream more visually appealing and engaging. Design custom overlays that reflect your branding and add professional-looking graphics for donation alerts, subscriber notifications, and on-screen chat. These graphical enhancements create a more immersive viewer experience and encourage viewers to support your stream.
Optimize Stream Settings
Ensure that your stream settings are optimized for the best possible quality. Set your stream resolution and bitrate based on your internet connection and computer specifications. Consider using a streaming software with advanced features that allow you to fine-tune your stream settings for optimal performance. Optimizing your stream’s visual and audio quality will attract more viewers and keep them engaged for longer durations.
Engage with Your Audience
Building a strong connection with your audience is essential for increasing revenue on Twitch. Interact with your viewers through chat, respond to their comments, and make them feel involved in your stream. Encourage viewers to follow, subscribe, and donate, and show your appreciation for their support. By fostering a sense of community and engagement, you create a loyal fan base that will support your stream and contribute to your revenue.
Regularly Evaluate and Improve
Continuously evaluate and analyze your stream’s performance to identify areas for improvement. Monitor viewer engagement, metrics, and feedback to understand what works and what doesn’t. Experiment with different formats, themes, and content to keep your stream fresh and engaging. Tailor your stream to your audience’s preferences and adapt your strategies based on viewer feedback. Regularly evolving and improving your stream will attract new viewers and keep existing ones coming back for more.
Collaborating with Other Twitch Streamers
Collaboration and cross-promotion with other Twitch streamers can be a game-changer when it comes to monetizing your channel. By partnering with like-minded creators, you can tap into new audiences, increase your reach, and unlock new revenue potential. At the same time, you’ll be able to offer your viewers fresh and exciting content that keeps them engaged and coming back for more.
1. Find Compatible Creators:
Seek out streamers whose content complements yours. Look for creators in similar niches or with overlapping audiences. Don’t focus solely on follower count; prioritize alignment and compatibility.
2. Plan Cross-Promotion:
Organize joint streams where you host each other’s content, participate in shared events like tournaments, or collaborate on specific content such as co-streaming or videos. Also, leverage social media for shoutouts to extend your reach.
3. Cultivate Mutually Beneficial Partnerships:
Support your collaborators actively and consistently engage with their content. This fosters a strong relationship and encourages long-term collaboration.
4. Measure Impact:
Track metrics like viewer engagement, follower growth, and revenue generated from collaborations. Analyze this data to refine your strategies and optimize future partnerships.
By collaborating effectively with other Twitch streamers, you can expand your audience, increase engagement, and unlock new revenue streams.
| Key Metrics to Track | Description |
|---|---|
| Viewer engagement | Measure the level of interaction and participation from viewers during and after collaborative streams or events. |
| Follower growth | Track the number of new followers gained both during and after the collaboration to assess its impact on your channel’s growth. |
| Revenue generated | Monitor the increase in revenue during the collaboration period and analyze any lasting impact on your earnings. |
By analyzing these metrics, you can identify successful collaboration strategies and replicate them in future partnerships, further enhancing your channel’s monetization potential.
In conclusion, collaborating with other Twitch streamers has proven to be an effective technique for monetizing your channel. By finding the right collaborators, implementing cross-promotion strategies, and tracking the results, you can leverage partnerships for mutual growth and increased revenue potential. So, why stream alone when you can achieve more together?
Analytics and Tracking for Twitch Revenue
Tracking and analyzing your Twitch revenue and performance can provide valuable insights that can help you optimize your earning potential. By utilizing analytics tools and interpreting data, you can make informed decisions and maximize revenue on Twitch.
1. Utilize Twitch’s Analytics:
Take advantage of Twitch’s built-in analytics tools to monitor viewer engagement, channel growth, and revenue generation. Use these insights to understand viewer behavior and make data-driven decisions.
2. Track Revenue Sources:
Monitor revenue from ads, subscriptions, donations, tips, and sponsorships. Identify which streams of income perform best and focus on optimizing them for maximum revenue.
3. Set and Monitor Goals:
Establish revenue targets and track your progress regularly. Monitor metrics like average revenue per stream, subscriber growth, and viewer engagement to stay on track and make necessary adjustments.
4. Analyze Viewer Demographics:
Understand your audience demographics to tailor your content and monetization strategies. Analyze data such as viewer location, age, gender, and interests to attract more engaged viewers and increase revenue potential.
5. Experiment and Iterate:
Try out new strategies and analyze their impact on revenue. Experiment with different content formats, sponsorship opportunities, and promotional tactics. Continuously iterate based on results to find the most effective revenue-generating strategies for your channel.
| Metrics to Track | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Average Revenue per Stream | Calculate the average revenue earned per stream session to gauge the effectiveness of your monetization methods. |
| Subscriber Growth | Monitor the rate at which your subscriber base is growing. A steady increase indicates a loyal and engaged audience. |
| Viewer Engagement | Analyze metrics such as chat activity, viewer retention, and average watch time to assess how well you’re engaging your audience. |
| Revenue from Different Sources | Track the revenue generated from ads, subscriptions, donations, tips, and sponsorships to identify the most profitable channels. |
| Viewer Demographics | Monitor data on viewer location, age, gender, and interests to tailor your content and monetization strategies to suit your audience. |
Read more: 7 Best Practices for Twitch Interface Customization
Staying Up-to-Date with Twitch’s Changes and Trends
By regularly tracking, analyzing, and adapting based on the insights gained from analytics, you can continuously improve your revenue-generating strategies on Twitch. Stay proactive, experiment with new approaches, and fine-tune your content to maximize your earnings on the platform.
1. Keep Up with the Twitch Affiliate Program:
Stay informed about eligibility requirements, guidelines, and incentives of the Twitch Affiliate Program. Accessing exclusive features like channel subscriptions and cheering with Bits can enhance your revenue streams.
2. Stay Ahead of Twitch Revenue Strategies:
Stay updated on effective strategies for maximizing earnings, whether through ad revenue, sponsorships, or merchandise sales. Adapting to evolving revenue models can help you unlock new income streams.
3. Embrace Emerging Trends:
Monitor emerging trends within the Twitch community, such as popular game genres and content trends. Adapting your content to align with these trends can attract a wider audience and potentially increase revenue.
4. Engage with the Twitch Community:
Interact with the Twitch community by participating in discussions, joining communities, and attending Twitch events. This keeps you informed about the latest features, updates, and trends that may impact your revenue strategies.
5. Utilize Social Media Platforms:
Maintain an active presence on social media platforms like Twitter and Instagram to connect with your audience. Announce upcoming streams, share channel updates, and engage with viewers to strengthen your community and stay updated on Twitch changes and trends.
| Benefits of Staying Up-to-Date with Twitch’s Changes and Trends | Actionable Tips |
|---|---|
| Ability to adapt quickly to platform changes | Regularly check Twitch’s official announcements and community forums for updates |
| Increased visibility within the Twitch community | Engage with other streamers and viewers through chat, comments, and collaborations |
| Opportunity to stay ahead of competitors | Monitor the top streamers and analyze their strategies and content |
| Improved revenue potential | Experiment with new features and revenue streams highlighted by Twitch |
By staying up-to-date with Twitch’s changes and trends, you can position yourself for long-term success on the platform. Embrace new opportunities, engage with the community, and utilize actionable tips to ensure your Twitch channel remains relevant and profitable.
Conclusion
In conclusion, by implementing these effective strategies and methods, you can unlock the true earning potential of your Twitch channel. Whether you’re a seasoned streamer or just starting out, there are actionable tips and proven techniques to help you generate income on Twitch.
From joining the Twitch affiliate program to monetizing your channel through ads, subscriptions, and sponsorships, we’ve covered various ways to maximize your revenue. Additionally, engaging your audience, optimizing your stream, and collaborating with other streamers can significantly impact your earnings.
Remember to diversify your income streams by exploring options like affiliate marketing and merchandise sales. By staying up-to-date with Twitch’s changes and trends and utilizing analytics to track your performance, you can continuously improve your revenue strategies.
So don’t wait any longer—monetize your Twitch channel today and pave the way for a successful streaming career. With our practical advice and proven techniques, you have the tools you need to turn your passion into profits on Twitch.
FAQ
Q: How can I earn money on Twitch?
A: There are several ways to earn money on Twitch. You can monetize your channel by becoming a Twitch Affiliate or Partner and earning revenue from ads, subscriptions, and donations. Additionally, you can explore sponsorships, merchandise sales, and other creative revenue streams.
Q: How do I build a strong Twitch channel?
A: To build a strong Twitch channel, focus on attracting viewers and increasing engagement. Utilize effective marketing strategies, provide high-quality content, engage with your audience through interactive chats, and continuously improve your stream’s quality.
Q: What are the monetization features offered by Twitch?
A: Twitch offers various monetization features, such as ads, subscriptions, sponsorships, merchandise sales, and virtual currency. These features allow you to earn revenue based on viewer interactions and support.
Q: How can I maximize revenue through donations and tips?
A: To maximize revenue through donations and tips, create compelling call-to-action prompts and build a supportive community that values your content. Engage with your audience, express gratitude for their support, and provide incentives for donations and tips.
Q: How can I partner with brands and secure sponsorships on Twitch?
A: To partner with brands and secure sponsorships on Twitch, focus on building an authentic and engaged community that aligns with the brand’s values. Reach out to relevant companies, showcase the benefits of partnering with your channel, and negotiate mutually beneficial sponsorship arrangements.
Q: How can I diversify my income streams on Twitch?
A: Besides streaming, you can diversify your income on Twitch through affiliate marketing, merchandise sales, and other creative revenue streams. Explore partnerships with brands, create and promote your merchandise, and leverage your influence to generate additional income.
Q: How can I engage my audience for increased earnings?
A: Engaging your audience is crucial for increased earnings on Twitch. Establish interactive chats, create engaging content, and build a loyal community through contests, giveaways, and exclusive perks. Encourage viewer participation and make your stream a fun and interactive experience.
Q: How can I optimize my stream for higher revenue?
A: To optimize your stream for higher revenue, invest in high-quality equipment, use overlays and visual enhancements, and provide a seamless viewer experience. Continuously evaluate and enhance your stream’s quality to attract more viewers and increase earning potential.
Q: How can I collaborate with other Twitch streamers?
A: Collaborating with other Twitch streamers can lead to mutual growth and increased revenue potential. Cross-promote each other’s channels, participate in co-streaming events, and engage in joint ventures to tap into each other’s audiences and maximize your reach.
Q: How can I track and analyze my Twitch revenue and performance?
A: You can track and analyze your Twitch revenue and performance by utilizing analytics tools provided by Twitch. Monitor viewer statistics, revenue sources, and viewer engagement metrics to identify areas for improvement and optimize your earning potential.
Q: How can I stay up-to-date with Twitch’s changes and trends?
A: To stay up-to-date with Twitch’s changes and trends, follow Twitch’s official channels, participate in the Twitch community, and educate yourself about the latest updates. Stay proactive in adapting to platform changes, leverage new features, and stay informed about streaming industry trends.
